What is it called when microorganisms transfer from one surface to another?

The term "cross-contamination" is used to describe the process when microorganisms are transferred from one surface to another. This can occur in various ways, such as when raw meat juices contaminate a cutting board or utensils, which can then come into contact with ready-to-eat foods. Understanding cross-contamination is critical in food safety practices, as it highlights the importance of keeping raw and cooked foods separate to prevent foodborne illnesses.

The other terms provided do not accurately capture this specific process in the context of food safety. "Transfer contamination" is not a widely recognized term, while "surface contamination" focuses more on the contamination of a specific area rather than the process of transfer. "Foodborne transfer" suggests a broader concept, encompassing the transmission of foodborne pathogens without specifically addressing the transfer between surfaces. Thus, "cross-contamination" is the precise term that reflects the act of transferring microorganisms, making it the correct answer.